Constitution of India – Dealing With Disciplinary Matters: Article 309 provides that the Acts of the appropriate legislature may regulate the recruitment and conditions of service of the persons appointed to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of any State. It shall be competent for the President or Governor as the case may be, to make rules regulating and recruitment and conditions of service of public service until provisions are made by an Act of the appropriate legislature.
According to Article 310, every person who is a member of a defence service or the civil service of the Union or an All India Service or holds any post connected with defense or any civil post under the union holds office during the pleasure of the president, and every person who is a member of a civil service of a state or holds a civil post under a state holds office during the pleasure of the Governor of the State.
Notwithstanding that a person holding a civil post under the Union or a State holds office during the pleasure of the President or the Governor of the State, any contract under which a person, (not being a member of a defence service or of an All India Service or of a civil service of the Union or a State) is appointed under the Constitution to hold such a post may, if the President or the Governor deems it necessary in order to secure the services of persons having special qualifications, provide for the payment to him of compensation, if before the expiration of an agreed period that post is abolished or he is required to vacate that post.
Article 311 as amended by Forty-second. Amendment provides that no person who is a member of a civil post under the union or a state, shall be dismissed or removed by an authority subordinate to that by which he / she was appointed. No such person is aforesaid shall be dismissed or removed or reduced in rank except after an enquiry in which he / she has been informed of the charges against him / her given a reasonable opportunity of being heard in respect of those charges. Where it is proposed after such enquiry to impose upon him / her any such penalty, such penalty may be imposed on the basis of the evidence provided during such inquiry and it shall not be necessary to give such person any opportunity of making representation on the penalty proposed. This clause shall not apply where a person is dismissed or removed or reduced in rank on the ground of conduct which has led to his / her conviction on a criminal charge or where the authority empowered to dismiss or remove a person or to reduce him / her in rank is satisfied that for some reason to hold such enquiry. Or where the President of the Governor, as the case may be, is satisfied that in the interests of the security of the State, it is not expedient to hold such enquiry. If in respect of any such person as aforesaid, a question arises, whether it is reasonably practicable to hold the enquiry mentioned above, the decision thereon of the authority empowered the dismiss or remove such person or reduce him / her in rank shall be
final.